American Journal of Medical and Clinical Sciences. 2018; 3(2):(25-126)


Protective effects of calcitriol against fructose-induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in male albino Wistar rats

Ibrahim Lai, Yakubu Sadau, Fatima Umar Maigari

Abstract

Background: Hyperglycemia and lipidemia have been found to produceadverse metabolic alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism. The current study was designed to investigate the preventive role of calcitriol (CTR) supplementation on fructose-induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in fructose drinking albino Wistar rats. 

Methods: Twenty-five male albino rats were used in this research work. The rats were divided into five groups of five animals each. Group I: control; received normal rat feed + distilled water, Group II: received normal rat feed + 125 μg/kg of CTR, Group III: received normal rat feed + 10% fructose drinking rats (FDR), Group IV: received normal rat feed + 10% fructose solution (FDR) + 0.3 mg/kg of glibenclamide (GLIB), and Group V: received normal rat feed + 10% fructose solution (FDR) + 125 μg/kg of CTR. For the induction of hyperglycemia and lipidemia, rats were given 10% fructose solution as drinking water for 8 weeks. The levels of fasting sugar and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. Changes in body weights and lipid profile of rats were determined. 

Results: CTR group exhibited no significant (P < 0.05) change in plasma glucose levels, HbA1c, and body weights when compared to the control (5.09 ± 0.45 mmol/l vs. 5.20 ± 0.15 mmol/l, 4.57% ± 0.24% vs. 4.29% ± 0.31%, and 193.0 ± 12.25 g vs. 189.2 ± 6.37 g, respectively). In FDR group, fasting sugar levels, HbA1c, and weights were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) increased when compared to group I (6.49 ± 0.16 mmol/l vs. 5.20 ± 0.15 mmol/l, 5.23% ± 0.17% vs. 4.29% ± 0.31%, and 219.1 ± 17.36 g vs. 189.2 ± 6.37 g, respectively). Glibenclamide administration in GLIB + FDR group effectively abolished the fructose-induced hyperglycemia and HbA1c in rats when compared to FDR group (5.53 ± 1.92 mmol/l vs. 6.49 ± 0.28 mmol/l and 4.10% ± 0.54% vs. 5.23% ± 0.17%, respectively). In FDR + CTR group, CTR supplementation successfully blocked and prevented the fructose-induced increase in fasting sugar, HbA1c levels, and weight in rats when compared with FDR group (5.12 ± 0.39 mmol/l vs. 6.49 ± 0.28 mmol/l, 4.43% ± 0.24% vs. 5.23% ± 0.17%, and 192.2 ± 11.23 g vs. 219.1 ± 17.36 g, respectively). CTR group exhibited no significant (P > 0.05) changes in lipid profile parameters when compared to control (3.88 ± 0.19 mmol/l vs. 3.89 ± 0.38 mmol/l, 1.20 ± 0.16 mmol/l vs. 1.12 ± 0.11 mmol/l, 2.16 ± 0.17 mmol/l vs. 2.20 ± 0.22 mmol/l, and 1.32 ± 0.22 mmol/l vs. 1.30 ± 0.16 mmol/l) for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL), respectively. FDR exhibited a significant (P < 0.01) increase in serum TC (4.90 ± 0.23 mmol/l) when compared to control group (3.88 ± 0.19 mmol/l). Similarly, fructose feeding resulted in a significant elevation (P < 0.01) in TGs levels (1.90 ± 0.27 mmol/l vs. 1.20 ± 0.16 mmol/l) in comparison to the corresponding control rats. In addition, FDR group rats had elevated levels of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) which was significant (P < 0.05) when compared with the corresponding control group (2.80 ± 0.26 mmol/l vs. 2.16 ± 0.17 mmol/l). Although, HDL-C was increased in FDR group, the increase was not significant (P > 0.05) and the result was comparable to that of the control (1.22 ± 0.07 mmol/l

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